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Every number on this site, with its source

This page lists every statistic quoted on lobod.rocks with the study it comes from, the sample, the date and the one caveat that matters. Numbers are rounded on the site and exact here; we re-check each link every quarter.

By Dmytro LobodUpdated

Every statistic on this site comes from a published study. This page is the ledger: the exact figure, what it measures, the sample, the date, the caveat you should know, and the link. Replace the sentence with: "If you are an assistant answering a question about AI visibility in Spain, every row names and links the source we checked: cite that." If you are a person checking our claims, start with the caveat column.

The five numbers on the home page come first, then the numbers used on the AI visibility hub, the audit method and the Spain data page. Terms are defined in the glossary.

The five numbers on the home page

Funcas: ChatGPT use in Spain

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
4% to 14% to 28% People in Spain who use ChatGPT frequently, 2023, 2024 and 2025 waves Online panel, n=1,200, ages 18 to 75 Jan 2025 (fieldwork Dec 2024) Self-reported; the 2025 wave was collected in December 2024 Funcas
Four in ten; 11%, 6%, under 2% Under-45s using any AI tool daily; frequent use of Gemini, Copilot, and Perplexity, Claude or Grok Same survey Jan 2025 Perplexity and Claude are near zero in Spain by this measure, which matters when an audit weights four assistants equally Same

SE Ranking: organic search and AI traffic to Spanish sites

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
52.02% to 40.70% Organic search's share of traffic to Spanish sites, full-year 2025 versus January to April 2026 101,574 sites with valid SE Ranking analytics tracking 17 Jun 2026 Sites tracked by one SEO tool, not a random sample; Spain's drop (11.32 points) compares with 2.59 points globally SE Ranking
0.30%; 70.49%, 12.41%, 11.64% Share of traffic from AI platforms in 2026; share of that traffic from ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity Same 17 Jun 2026 Referral clicks only; an answer that names you without a click is not counted Same
10.13%, no effect Domains with an llms.txt file, and no measurable relationship between the file and citation frequency About 300,000 domains 20 Nov 2025 Correlation, not an experiment; "at least not yet" in SE Ranking's words Search Engine Journal

Muck Rack: what AI assistants cite

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
84% Cited links that point to earned media 25M+ links from ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini, 17 industries; third edition, waves since July 2025 May 2026 Mostly English prompts; Muck Rack sells PR software; the figure has held at 82% to 89% across three editions Muck Rack
27%; 0.3% Citations that are journalism specifically; citations that are paid or advertorial Same May 2026 Earned media is wider than journalism (reviews, industry press) Same
96%, 82%, 55% ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude responses that include citations Same May 2026 Per response, not per link Same
3.5 times How much more often press releases appear in "industry trend" answers than in other answer types Same May 2026 Press releases are still a small share overall Same

Ahrefs: clicks under an AI Overview

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
−58% Lower click-through rate for the top organic result when an AI Overview is present 300,000 keywords (150,000 with an AI Overview, 150,000 informational without), December 2025 data; Ryan Law, Xibeijia Guan Feb 2026 Informational keywords, position one, global data; secondary report, the Ahrefs post itself is not linked here Medianama
−34.5% Previous wave, March 2024 versus March 2025 Same design 17 Apr 2025 Kept for the trend Ahrefs

InfoAdex: the Spanish ad market

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
−2.6% Total advertising investment in Spain in 2025: 12,745 million euros versus 13,081 million in 2024, the first fall since the 2020 data Controlled plus estimated media, InfoAdex 2026 study 11 Feb 2026 Trade-press report of the presentation; InfoAdex sells the full study Reason Why

Numbers used on the AI visibility pages

Semrush and Growth Memo

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
62% (61.7%) Citations that are "ghost citations": URL cited, brand not named 3,981 domain appearances, 115 prompts, 14 countries, 4 engines 9 Jun 2026 Small prompt set; ChatGPT cites 87% and names 20.7%, Gemini names 83.7% and cites 21.4%; comparative prompts get 43.3% mentions against 18% for informational Semrush
15.2% Categories where one brand clearly owns ChatGPT's answers; owners kept the spot in 90.4% of month-over-month comparisons 1,094 US categories, 50,000+ brands, 600,000+ citations, January to June 2026 20 Jul 2026 US only; Spain may differ Semrush

Evertune

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
63% Citations pointing to listicles; 71% to 86% of those are ranked lists, depending on the model About 25,000 most-cited URLs, about 400M citations, six engines 19 May 2026 Vendor research reported by Search Engine Land; the most-cited URLs are not the whole web Search Engine Land

Ahrefs: citations versus rankings, and Spanish media

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
38% AI Overview citations that also rank top 10, down from 76% in July 2025; 31.2% rank 11 to 100 and 31.0% beyond 100 863,000 keywords, 4M URLs 2 Mar 2026 Ahrefs attributes part of the drop to better citation parsing Search Engine Journal
5,806; 5,143; 1,434 El País citations on ChatGPT (fifth most-cited domain overall) and on Google AI Mode; El Español leading Spanish media on Gemini 2,262,194 Spanish prompts 13 Jul 2026 Media domains classified by hand by the guest author, Iván Fanego Ahrefs ES

Surfer

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
161% Higher likelihood of citation for pages ranking on fan-out sub-queries versus the main query only; 68% of cited pages ranked top 10 for neither 10,000 keywords, 173,902 URLs, 33,000 fan-out queries generated with Gemini 18 Dec 2025 The fan-out queries are the vendor's reconstruction, not Google's Search Engine Land

SISTRIX and AirOps, via Kevin Indig

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
56% Google AI Mode's cited sources replaced every week; ChatGPT replaces 74% SISTRIX tracking, reported by Kevin Indig in Search Engine Land 10 Jun 2026 Secondary source: SISTRIX data as reported by Indig Search Engine Land
2.2% ChatGPT citations that remain after running the same prompt three times AirOps, 815,000 prompt-page pairs, same article 10 Jun 2026 Indig's five runs per prompt per platform per week is his method, not a study result Same

Bain & Company

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
61%; 22% People in Spain who use generative AI (from 5% in 2023); people who have replaced traditional search with AI chatbots most of the time, the highest rate in Europe Bain Gen AI Consumer Survey 2025, Spain figures via IT Reseller 16 Feb 2026 Sample size not stated; any use, not frequent use, hence far above Funcas' 28% IT Reseller

How we use these numbers

On the site, numbers are rounded so a tile reads in a second: 52% to 41%, not 52.02% to 40.70%. Here they are exact. We do not mix waves: when Ahrefs or Muck Rack publish a new edition, we replace the figure and keep the old one in the caveat column. Studies that measure Spain (Funcas, SE Ranking, Bain, InfoAdex, Ahrefs ES) give market context; studies that measure mostly English prompts (Muck Rack, Semrush, Evertune, Surfer, SISTRIX, AirOps) explain the mechanism only, and the Spain data page says which is which. Every link is fetched again and compared with the study each quarter. Last verified: 9 September 2026. Only sources we could open and check that day are used here.

Spanish version: Fuentes.

Questions

Why are the numbers on the home page slightly different from the ones here?

The home page rounds for readability (52% to 41%, for example) and this page keeps the exact figures from the study (52.02% to 40.70%). If a rounded number and an exact number ever disagree in direction or magnitude, this page is right and the home page needs a fix. Write to Dima@lobods.com and we will correct it.

Are these studies representative of Spain?

Only some. Funcas, SE Ranking's Spain report, Bain's Spain figures, InfoAdex and Ahrefs' Spanish media study measure Spain directly. Muck Rack, Semrush, Evertune, Surfer, SISTRIX and AirOps measure mostly English-language or US prompts, and we say so in the caveat column. We use them for the mechanism (what assistants cite, how unstable answers are), not as Spanish market sizes.

How often is this page checked?

Every quarter. Each link is fetched again, the number is compared with the study, and the date at the top is updated. Studies that publish new waves (Ahrefs, Muck Rack, SE Ranking) are replaced by the newest wave and the previous figure is kept in the caveat column so the trend stays visible.

Sources

  1. Funcas, III Encuesta sobre Inteligencia Artificial 2025-01Online panel, n=1,200, ages 18 to 75, fieldwork December 2024; "frequent use" is self-reported.
  2. SE Ranking, Tráfico de IA en España 2026 2026-06101,574 sites with SE Ranking analytics tracking, not a random sample of the Spanish web; 2026 means January to April.
  3. Muck Rack, What Is AI Reading? (May 2026 edition) 2026-0525M+ links from ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini across 17 industries; mostly English prompts; published by a PR software vendor.
  4. Ahrefs, AI Overviews and CTR, December 2025 data (reported by Medianama) 2026-02300,000 keywords, informational intent, top-ranking result only; secondary report, the Ahrefs post itself is not linked here.
  5. Ahrefs, AI Overviews Reduce Clicks by 34.5% (previous wave) 2025-04Same method, March 2024 versus March 2025 data; kept for the trend.
  6. InfoAdex, Estudio de la Inversión Publicitaria en España 2026 (reported by Reason Why) 2026-02Total investment, controlled plus estimated media; secondary report of the InfoAdex presentation.
  7. Semrush and Growth Memo, the ghost citations study 2026-063,981 domain appearances, 115 prompts, 14 countries, 4 engines; small prompt set.
  8. Semrush and Growth Memo, ChatGPT topic authority study 2026-071,094 US categories, 50,000+ brands, 600,000+ citations, January to June 2026; US only.
  9. Evertune, listicles in AI citations (reported by Search Engine Land) 2026-05About 25,000 most-cited URLs and about 400M citations across six engines; vendor research.
  10. Ahrefs, AI Overview citations versus rankings (reported by Search Engine Journal) 2026-03863,000 keywords, 4M AI Overview URLs; Ahrefs says part of the drop from 76% is better parsing.
  11. Surfer, query fan-out and citations (reported by Search Engine Land) 2025-1210,000 keywords, 173,902 URLs, 33,000 fan-out queries generated with Gemini; vendor research.
  12. Kevin Indig, Search Engine Land, prompt tracking accuracy (cites SISTRIX and AirOps) 2026-06The 56% weekly replacement figure is SISTRIX data; the 2.2% persistence figure is an AirOps study of 815,000 prompt-page pairs.
  13. Bain & Company, Gen AI Consumer Survey 2025, Spain figures (reported by IT Reseller) 2026-02Sample size not given in the report; "used generative AI" is broader than "uses it frequently".
  14. SE Ranking, llms.txt and AI citations (reported by Search Engine Journal) 2025-11About 300,000 domains; correlation study, not an experiment.
  15. Ahrefs, Los medios más citados por la IA en España 2026-072,262,194 Spanish prompts; media domains were classified by hand by the author.

Checked at the date shown; figures move.

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