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Every number on this site, with its source

This page lists every statistic quoted on lobod.rocks with the study it comes from, the sample, the date and the one caveat that matters. Numbers are rounded on the site and exact here; we re-check each link every quarter.

By Dmytro LobodUpdated

Every statistic on this site comes from a published study. This page is the ledger: the exact figure, what it measures, the sample, the date, the caveat you should know, and the link. If you are checking our claims, start with the caveat column.

Five headline numbers on AI search and the Spanish market come first, then the numbers used on the AI visibility hub, the audit method and the Spain data page. Terms are defined in the glossary.

Five headline numbers

Funcas: ChatGPT use in Spain

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
4% to 14% to 28% People in Spain who use ChatGPT frequently, in the 2023, 2024 and 2025 editions of the survey Online survey, n=1,200, ages 18 to 75, representative of residents of Spain 12 Jan 2026 (fieldwork Dec 2025) Self-reported. The PDF press release is dated 12/01/2026 and says the survey ran "el pasado diciembre"; the Funcas web page shows 12 January 2025 in its header, so we link the PDF Funcas (PDF)
Four in ten; 11%, 6%, under 2% Under-45s using any AI tool daily; frequent use of Gemini, Copilot, and Perplexity, Claude or Grok Same survey 12 Jan 2026 Perplexity and Claude are near zero in Spain by this measure, which matters when an audit weights four assistants equally Same

SE Ranking: organic search and AI traffic in its Spain sample

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
52.02% to 40.70% Organic search's share of traffic in Spain within SE Ranking's sample, full-year 2025 versus January to April 2026 101,574 sites with valid SE Ranking analytics tracking 17 Jun 2026 A share inside one tool's sample, not all of Google and not a random sample of the web. It does not show what caused the drop, and SE Ranking itself writes that AI does not explain it on its own. Spain's drop (11.32 points) compares with 2.59 points globally SE Ranking
0.30%; 70.49%, 12.41%, 11.64% Share of traffic in Spain from AI platforms in 2026, same sample; share of that traffic from ChatGPT, Gemini and Perplexity Same 17 Jun 2026 Referral clicks only; an answer that names you without a click is not counted Same
10.13%, no effect Domains with an llms.txt file, and no measurable relationship between the file and citation frequency About 300,000 domains 20 Nov 2025 Correlation, not an experiment; "at least not yet" in SE Ranking's words Search Engine Journal

Muck Rack: what AI assistants cite

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
More than 84% Links cited in AI answers that come from what Muck Rack calls "earned and third-party sources": journalism, government and NGO sites, academic research, encyclopedic sources and third-party corporate content Generative Pulse data, 40M+ AI responses and 207M citations in 2026, plus 1,020 prompts on ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity in September; fourth edition 28 Oct 2026 Much wider than editorial PR: journalism alone is 22%. Muck Rack sells PR software; the public summary gives no prompt language or country. Previous edition (May 2026): 84% "earned media", 82% to 89% across the three editions since July 2025 Muck Rack
22%; 0.3%; 15.2% Citations that are journalism (27% in May); paid or advertorial (unchanged from May); owned media (13.7% in May) Same, September 2026 analysis 28 Oct 2026 Nearly 99% of cited links come from non-paid sources. A share of citations, not a measure of influence on the answer Same
96%, 82%, 55% ChatGPT, Gemini and Claude responses that include citations 25M+ links from ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini, 17 industries; third edition May 2026 Per response, not per link; not repeated in the October edition Muck Rack
3.5 times How much more often press releases appear in "industry trend" answers than in "best-of" answers Same May 2026 A ratio between two answer types, not a share of all citations Same

Ahrefs: clicks under an AI Overview

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
−58% Lower click-through rate for the top organic result when an AI Overview is present 300,000 keywords (150,000 with an AI Overview, 150,000 informational without), December 2025 data; Ryan Law, Xibeijia Guan Feb 2026 Informational keywords, position one, global data; secondary report, the Ahrefs post itself is not linked here Medianama
−34.5% Previous wave, March 2024 versus March 2025 Same design 17 Apr 2025 Kept for the trend Ahrefs

InfoAdex: the Spanish ad market

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
−2.6% Total advertising investment in Spain in 2025: 12,745 million euros versus 13,081 million in 2024, the first fall since the 2020 data Controlled plus estimated media, InfoAdex 2026 study 11 Feb 2026 Trade-press report of the presentation; InfoAdex sells the full study Reason Why

Numbers used on the AI visibility pages

Semrush and Growth Memo

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
62% (61.7%) Citations that are "ghost citations": URL cited, brand not named 3,981 domain appearances, 115 prompts, 14 countries, 4 engines 9 Jun 2026 Small prompt set; ChatGPT cites 87% and names 20.7%, Gemini names 83.7% and cites 21.4%; comparative prompts get 43.3% mentions against 18% for informational Semrush
15.2% Categories where one brand clearly owns ChatGPT's answers; owners kept the spot in 90.4% of month-over-month comparisons 1,094 US categories, 50,000+ brands, 600,000+ citations, January to June 2026 20 Jul 2026 US only; Spain may differ Semrush

Semrush: LinkedIn in AI answers

Used on the Founder LinkedIn page.

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
Second; 11%; 14.3% LinkedIn's rank among cited domains; AI responses that cite LinkedIn, on average; ChatGPT Search responses that cite it 89,000 LinkedIn URLs cited across 325,000 prompts on ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode and Perplexity, January to February 2026 10 Mar 2026 Semrush's own prompt set across 12 industry categories; prompt language not stated Semrush
50% to 66%; 15% to 28% Cited LinkedIn content that is long-form articles; cited content that is feed posts, depending on the engine Same 10 Mar 2026 Shares of what was cited, not citation rates per piece Same
About 75% Cited post authors who had published five or more posts in the four weeks before Same 10 Mar 2026 An observation about who was cited, not an experiment: it does not show that posting five times leads to citation. Semrush calls the link "our theory", and its text says both "5+" and "over 5" Same
15 to 25 Reactions on the median cited post, with no more than one comment Same 10 Mar 2026 Median of cited posts only Same

Evertune

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
63% Citations pointing to listicles; 71% to 86% of those are ranked lists, depending on the model About 25,000 most-cited URLs, about 400M citations, six engines 19 May 2026 Vendor research reported by Search Engine Land; the most-cited URLs are not the whole web Search Engine Land

Ahrefs: citations versus rankings, and Spanish media

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
38% AI Overview citations that also rank top 10, down from 76% in July 2025; 31.2% rank 11 to 100 and 31.0% beyond 100 863,000 keywords, 4M URLs 2 Mar 2026 Ahrefs attributes part of the drop to better citation parsing Search Engine Journal
5,806; 5,143; 1,434 El País citations on ChatGPT (fifth most-cited domain overall) and on Google AI Mode; El Español leading Spanish media on Gemini 2,262,194 Spanish prompts 13 Jul 2026 Media domains classified by hand by the guest author, Iván Fanego Ahrefs ES

Surfer

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
161% Higher likelihood of citation for pages ranking on fan-out sub-queries versus the main query only; 68% of cited pages ranked top 10 for neither 10,000 keywords, 173,902 URLs, 33,000 fan-out queries generated with Gemini 18 Dec 2025 The fan-out queries are the vendor's reconstruction, not Google's Search Engine Land

SISTRIX and AirOps, via Kevin Indig

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
56% Google AI Mode's cited sources replaced every week; ChatGPT replaces 74% SISTRIX tracking, reported by Kevin Indig in Search Engine Land 10 Jun 2026 Secondary source: SISTRIX data as reported by Indig Search Engine Land
2.2% ChatGPT citations that remain after running the same prompt three times AirOps, 815,000 prompt-page pairs, same article 10 Jun 2026 Indig's five runs per prompt per platform per week is his method, not a study result Same

Bain & Company

Number What it measures Sample Date Caveat Link
61%; 22% People in Spain who use generative AI (from 5% in 2023); people who have replaced traditional search with AI chatbots most of the time, the highest rate in Europe Bain Gen AI Consumer Survey 2025, Spain figures via IT Reseller 16 Feb 2026 Sample size not stated; any use, not frequent use, hence far above Funcas' 28% IT Reseller

How we use these numbers

On the site, numbers are rounded so a tile reads in a second: 52% to 41%, not 52.02% to 40.70%. Here they are exact. We do not mix waves: when Ahrefs or Muck Rack publish a new edition, we replace the figure and keep the old one in the caveat column. Studies that measure Spain (Funcas, SE Ranking, Bain, InfoAdex, Ahrefs ES) give market context; studies that do not measure Spain specifically (Muck Rack, Semrush, Evertune, Surfer, SISTRIX, AirOps; some state no prompt language or country) explain the mechanism only, and the Spain data page says which is which. Last verified: 9 September 2026; the Funcas, SE Ranking, Muck Rack and Semrush LinkedIn rows were read again on 30 October 2026. Only sources we could open and check are used here.

Sources

  1. Funcas, III Encuesta sobre Inteligencia Artificial 2026-01Online survey, n=1,200, ages 18 to 75, fieldwork December 2025, published 12 January 2026; "frequent use" is self-reported.
  2. SE Ranking, Tráfico de IA en España 2026 2026-06101,574 sites with SE Ranking analytics tracking, not a random sample of the web; 2026 means January to April; SE Ranking says AI does not explain the organic drop on its own.
  3. Muck Rack, What Is AI Reading? (October 2026 edition) 2026-10-28Generative Pulse data, 40M+ AI responses and 207M citations in 2026, plus 1,020 prompts on ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini and Perplexity in September; published by a PR software vendor.
  4. Muck Rack, What Is AI Reading? (May 2026 edition) 2026-0525M+ links from ChatGPT, Claude and Gemini across 17 industries; the previous edition, kept for the per-engine and press-release figures.
  5. Semrush, LinkedIn AI visibility study 2026-0389,000 LinkedIn URLs cited across 325,000 prompts on ChatGPT Search, Google AI Mode and Perplexity, January to February 2026; an observational study.
  6. Ahrefs, AI Overviews and CTR, December 2025 data (reported by Medianama) 2026-02300,000 keywords, informational intent, top-ranking result only; secondary report, the Ahrefs post itself is not linked here.
  7. Ahrefs, AI Overviews Reduce Clicks by 34.5% (previous wave) 2025-04Same method, March 2024 versus March 2025 data; kept for the trend.
  8. InfoAdex, Estudio de la Inversión Publicitaria en España 2026 (reported by Reason Why) 2026-02Total investment, controlled plus estimated media; secondary report of the InfoAdex presentation.
  9. Semrush and Growth Memo, the ghost citations study 2026-063,981 domain appearances, 115 prompts, 14 countries, 4 engines; small prompt set.
  10. Semrush and Growth Memo, ChatGPT topic authority study 2026-071,094 US categories, 50,000+ brands, 600,000+ citations, January to June 2026; US only.
  11. Evertune, listicles in AI citations (reported by Search Engine Land) 2026-05About 25,000 most-cited URLs and about 400M citations across six engines; vendor research.
  12. Ahrefs, AI Overview citations versus rankings (reported by Search Engine Journal) 2026-03863,000 keywords, 4M AI Overview URLs; Ahrefs says part of the drop from 76% is better parsing.
  13. Surfer, query fan-out and citations (reported by Search Engine Land) 2025-1210,000 keywords, 173,902 URLs, 33,000 fan-out queries generated with Gemini; vendor research.
  14. Kevin Indig, Search Engine Land, prompt tracking accuracy (cites SISTRIX and AirOps) 2026-06The 56% weekly replacement figure is SISTRIX data; the 2.2% persistence figure is an AirOps study of 815,000 prompt-page pairs.
  15. Bain & Company, Gen AI Consumer Survey 2025, Spain figures (reported by IT Reseller) 2026-02Sample size not given in the report; "used generative AI" is broader than "uses it frequently".
  16. SE Ranking, llms.txt and AI citations (reported by Search Engine Journal) 2025-11About 300,000 domains; correlation study, not an experiment.
  17. Ahrefs, Los medios más citados por la IA en España 2026-072,262,194 Spanish prompts; media domains were classified by hand by the author.
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